Galileo Galilei

Born in 1564, this Italian Astronomer and inventor has a lot on his resume.  Producing (just like Copernicus) the theory of the center of the universe is the sun wasn't enough for this man.  He also had to create laws about gravity and inertia, build his own telescope, get the church really angry, and make the tower of pisa lean about 3 degrees more in the process.  Sadly for this one of a kind genius, he is now under house arrest, for arguing against the church with his theories.  (Modern note: Certain branches of the church did not say Galileo's theories were correct until 1993)